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Commit 61935f45 authored by Vesa Oikonen's avatar Vesa Oikonen
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GCR

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---
title: Acute stress during PET
author: Vesa Oikonen
updated_at: 2020-12-10
updated_at: 2023-02-22
created_at: 2020-12-10
tags:
- Cortisol
- Stress
- Anxiety
- HPA axis
---
<h1>Effect of acute stress on PET studies</h1>
......@@ -32,16 +33,14 @@ Examples of such radiotracers include
<a href="./target_glutamatergic_system.html#receptors">glutamate receptor</a> mGluR<sub>5</sub>
radioligand [<sup>18</sup>F]FPEB
(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/syn.21890">Leurquin-Sterk et al., 2016</a>),
and
<a href="./target_sv2.html#SV2A">SV2A</a> radioligand <a href="./analysis_11c-ucb-j.html">[<sup>11</sup>C]UCB-J
(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X20964248">Tuncel et al., 2020</a>).
</p>
and <a href="./target_sv2.html#SV2A">SV2A</a> radioligand
<a href="./analysis_11c-ucb-j.html">[<sup>11</sup>C]UCB-J
(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/0271678X20964248">Tuncel et al., 2020</a>).</p>
<p>In studies of <a href="./organ_kidney.html">kidneys</a> stress should be avoided.
<a href="https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.96.6.1835">Middlekauff et al (1997)</a> reported that
induced mental stress reduced cortical renal blood flow by &sim;30%.
<a href="./organ_gi.html">Gastrointestinal tract</a> may also be affected by acute stress.
</p>
<a href="./organ_gi.html">Gastrointestinal tract</a> may also be affected by acute stress.</p>
<h2>PET studies of stress and anxiety</h2>
......@@ -59,8 +58,7 @@ CB<sub>1</sub> receptors have an important role in stress and anxiety.
From the psychoactive constituents of cannabis, cannabidiol has anxiolytic effects, and
delta-9-THC can induce acute anxiety.
CB<sub>1</sub>R PET radioligands have been used to study the effect of cannabinoids an anxiety
(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14203-4">Bhattacharyya et al., 2017</a>).
</p>
(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14203-4">Bhattacharyya et al., 2017</a>).</p>
<p>The effect of psychosocial stress on <a href="./target_dopamine.html">dopaminergic function</a>
has been studied using <a href="./analysis_18f-fdopa.html">6-[<sup>18</sup>F]-L-DOPA</a>
......@@ -70,8 +68,13 @@ transporters are involved in social anxiety disorder
(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-019-0618-7">Hjorth et al., 2020</a>).
Acute stress is characterized by elevation of circulating cortisol, and cortisol promotes synthesis
of serotonin transporter
(<a href="https://doi.org/10.3758/cabn.1.1.96">Tafet et al., 2001</a>).
</p>
(<a href="https://doi.org/10.3758/cabn.1.1.96">Tafet et al., 2001</a>).</p>
<p><a href="./target_gcr.html#GCR">Glucocorticoid receptor</a> (GCR) and glucocorticoid levels in
CNS may be involved in HPA axis responses.
Intracellular enzyme <a href="./target_gcr.html#11b-HSD1">11&beta;-HSD1</a>, which converts
inactive cortisone to active cortisol, can be assessed <em>in vivo</em> in human brain.
GCR-targeting PET radioligands have shown promising results in animal studies.</p>
......@@ -83,6 +86,7 @@ of serotonin transporter
<li><a href="./target_adrenergic_system.html">Adrenergic nervous system</a></li>
<li><a href="./organ_adrenal_gland.html">Adrenal glands</a></li>
<li><a href="./target_vasopressin.html">Vasopressin and vasopressin receptors</a></li>
<li><a href="./target_gcr.html">Glucocorticoid receptor</a></li>
</ul>
......
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