ref

content/analysis_82rb.html

 ---
 title: Analysis of Rb-82
 author: Vesa Oikonen, Chunlei Han
-updated_at: 2020-02-20
+updated_at: 2021-03-30
 created_at: 2009-03-17
 tags:
   - Perfusion
@@ -180,8 +180,12 @@ the extraction correction function as published by <a href=
 
 <p>[<sup>82</sup>Rb]Rb<sup>+</sup> can be used for measurement of 
 <a href="./organ_kidney.html#perfusion">renal blood flow</a> (RBF),
-because it is reabsorbed in the tubules of the <a href="./organ_kidney.html">kidney</a>,
-mainly in the cortex, so that the remaining activity in the urine is negligible.
+because it is reabsorbed in the tubules of the <a href="./organ_kidney.html">kidney</a> like
+K<sup>+</sup>, mainly in the cortex, so that the remaining activity in the urine is usually 
+negligible. Hypokalemia is linked to increased K<sup>+</sup>/Rb<sup>+</sup> excretion and marked 
+urinary activity of [<sup>82</sup>Rb]Rb<sup>+</sup>, as well as some medications, such as
+thiazide diuretics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide
+(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-020-00637-8">Jochumsen et al., 2020</a>).
 <a href="https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1986.251.5.H1024">Tamaki et al (1986)</a> and
 <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2090164">Mullani et al (1990)</a> validated RBF
 measurements in dogs against <a href="./microspheres.html">microsphere method</a>.
@@ -198,7 +202,10 @@ The method has also been used in rat model of CNS-induced natriuresis
 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1986.tb07933.x">Sj&ouml;quist et al., 1986</a>).</p>
 
 <p>Human renal perfusion studies with [<sup>82</sup>Rb]Rb<sup>+</sup> have been promising 
-(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1754-9485.12079">Tahari et al., 2014</a>).</p>
+(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1754-9485.12079">Tahari et al., 2014</a>).
+The high urinary excretion of [<sup>82</sup>Rb]Rb<sup>+</sup> in some patients may hamper the
+assessment of RBF (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-020-00637-8">Jochumsen et al., 2020</a>).
+</p>
 
 
 

content/organ_kidney.html

 ---
 title: Kidneys
 author: Vesa Oikonen
-updated_at: 2021-03-29
+updated_at: 2021-03-30
 created_at: 2017-02-23
 tags:
   - Kidney
@@ -652,7 +652,10 @@ effects (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.039">Abumoawad et al.,
 <a href="./analysis_82rb.html#RBF">[<sup>82</sup>Rb]Rb<sup>+</sup></a> and 
 <a href="./analysis_13n-nh3.html#renal">[<sup>13</sup>N]NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup></a>.
 Their extraction rate becomes limiting factor at high blood flow, but these tracers can still 
-provide good perfusion maps for diagnostic purpose.</p>
+provide good perfusion maps for diagnostic purpose.
+[<sup>82</sup>Rb]Rb<sup>+</sup> is a K<sup>+</sup> analogue, and could be used in K<sup>+</sup>
+transport studies; hypokalemia increases urinary excretion of [<sup>82</sup>Rb]Rb<sup>+</sup>
+(<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13139-020-00637-8">Jochumsen et al., 2020</a>).</p>
 
 <p><a href="./analysis_h2o_kidney.html">[<sup>15</sup>O]H<sub>2</sub>O</a> has high extraction rate 
 and as a freely diffusible tracer it can be used in both bolus and steady&#x2010;state imaging